Uncle Dave was the educated person in the family having attended Ton Sec (Ton-yr-Efail Secondary School) until he was 16. He would know about good Welsh, the language of poetry and song, rather than the argot of homes, streets, shops and mines. Most Welsh speakers of Granny’s generation could neither read nor write Welsh because an English program, known as the Welsh Not (or Knot), had vigorously worked against the native language from the mid-1800s.